The Cultural Perspective On Children s Learning Essay

The first idea which interested me came from Chapter one. The socio- cultural perspective. This perspective explains, how children’s learning is influenced by family and culture in which children are living. A pioneer of the sociocultural approach was psychologist Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934). L. Vygotsky believed that children’s learning and development is strongly influenced by child’s culture and how children develop and learn can be different from culture to culture. He proposed that children, in order to learn, need to be supported by other people. For example, teachers and peers, who already gained particular knowledge. The second theorist of socio-cultural approach was B. Rogoff (1950). Same as L. Vygotsky, she believed, that children learn best through interaction with other people and through experiencing things by themselves. B. Rogoff stresses, that children are learning as an individual, by exploring and observing they surroundings; and they can influence other children’s learning (Starting with the child,2016). Moreover, she views children as actively participates in a learning process. I have found the socio-cultural perspective interesting, as it helps me to understand, what shapes children behaviour and what makes them as individuals. Lots of children came from different backgrounds and every one of them have been modelled by culture and society. I am supporting socio-cultural approach in my work. This means that I am providing lots of practical activitiesShow MoreRelatedSocio-cultural Assessment1369 Words   |  5 PagesSocio-cultural assessment is realising and understanding the way a child responds to challenges and change. Their responses and perceptions are based on the world in which they live. Their understanding of the world comes from the values and beliefs of the adults, community, socio-economic status, education and culture that surround them. (Mooney, 2000). When making an assessment on an individual child it is necessary to consider the background and culture in which they exist. Berger (2005), statesRead MoreMulticultural Approach Essay904 Words   |  4 PagesMulticultural Approach Doris McMillan ECE 405: Children Families in a Diverse Society August 29, 2010 Definitions of multicultural education vary. Some place emphasizes on the cultural characteristics of diverse groups, some emphasize social problems such as those associated with oppression, some place emphasize on political power, while others on the reallocation of economic resources. Some restrict their focus to people of color, while others include all major groups that are differentRead MoreThe Cultural Nature Of Human Development1257 Words   |  6 Pagesdetermining when one should expect children to be capable of certain skills. Every day, our communities develop as generations of individuals make choices and invent solutions to changing circumstances. Our ongoing daily activities, ranging from learning when to brush our teeth, to learning the numbers on a telephone. Barbara Rogoff’s The Cultural Nature of Human Development discusses cultural patterns as they relate to human development. Human development is a cultural process by which devices such asRead MoreThe Strengths and Weaknesses of the Sociocultural Perspective986 Words   |  4 Pagessome of the other sciences. Over the years, social scientists have developed theories or perspectives based off of their observations, research, and the perspectives of other scientists. Although there is some overlap, each of the major perspectives of psychology is unique. As a result, they each have strengths and weaknesses and explain psychology in a different way. One theory, the sociocultural perspective, is exactly what its name suggests. It’s the idea that the society and groups that anRead MoreThe Functionalist Perspective And The Conflict Perspective1349 Words   |  6 PagesAs with disease, discrimination is a major killer of a unified nation. This paper will express two theories cultural deprivation, connected to the ideals of the functionalist perspective and cultural bias, which is associated with the conflict perspective. I will also express how the epidemic of racism with in a minority community allows lawmakers to undermine the abilities of these communities, therefore, limiting resources to public schools subsequently assisting in institutional racism on a systemicRead MoreEssay on Multicultural Education1681 Words   |  7 Pagessystem is to provide all children with equal educational opportunity. However, with regard to minority students, meeting this particular objective has presented a real challenge to educators as they have been confronted with the task of reshaping education in the multilingual, multicultural society that characterizes the United States. Many significant events contributed to the need of school reform. The Civil Rights movement launched by African Americans in the 1960’s, which resulted in theRead MorePiaget and Vygotsky1272 Words   |  6 Pagesinterpreted as the gradual orderly development of thinking, understanding and reasoning processes from birth to maturity. The aim of primary school is to build the knowledge and the skills children need to have for further cognitive development. Therefore, the constant development of coginition is very important to young children, because it gives them the basic understanding towards themselves and the world. As a result, in order to assist and support children’s early cognitive development, teachers applyRead MoreThe Cultural Point Of View942 Words   |  4 PagesPsychologists use a wide range of ways to deal with, comprehend and clarify human behavior. The social/cultural point of view otherwise called sociocultural, is one method used to grasp why peop le act the way they do. This method looks to comprehend human behavior and identity improvement by inspecting the standards of the social gatherings and subgroups in which the individual is a part of. (Nevid, 2003) These principles are regularly unwritten rules that assist to direct a person’s activities.Read MoreOutline the main similarities and differences between Piaget‚Äà ´s and Vygotsky‚Äà ´s explanations for cognitive development in children1702 Words   |  7 Pagesdevelopment in children. Piaget and Vygotsky were both, looking into the same period of cognitive development in infants and children and sharing the same basic concerns. Piaget (1896-1980) developing his theory slightly earlier than Vygotsky (1896-1934) who worked to show that there were certain flaws in Piaget s theory of genetic epistemology. Vogotsky and his social-cultural theory of cognitive development might be seen as the Soviet counterpart to Piaget s western individualist perspective. PiagetRead MoreSecond Language Learning And Teaching Essay1249 Words   |  5 PagesSecond Language Learning and Teaching Part 1: Summaries of THREE texts Having read ‘Languages in Aotearoa New Zealand’, published on March 2013, by Royal Society of New Zealand, I was able to comprehend how important language diversity both individually and socially within New Zealand’s community. Language diversity is a major factor in life, which is often overlooked and often underappreciated in New Zealand. Even though, New Zealander’s have a range of cultures and religions, as a country, we

Dangers Of Counterfeit Pharmaceutical Drugs - 1475 Words

Dangers of Counterfeit Pharmaceutical Drugs Remember that time, you really wanted to buy a Louis Vuitton bag? Then the thought of spending thousands on it held you back? So instead you bought a knock off, and saved yourself a boat load of money. No harm done, right? However, what if it wasn’t just a purse that you bought as a counterfeit? What if it was a knockoff Tylenol or birth control? Do you think it would be harmful, then? This happens all the time, and the production and sales of counterfeit drugs are more common than you think. This essay will explain why the production and sale of counterfeit pharmaceutical drugs are wrong. When someone creates something, that is solely from their mind, whether it be literature, a play, a piece of artwork, it is Intellectual Property. Intellectual Property is important because it allows the economy to grow, as well as captures the devotion of its inventors and creators, by becoming financially beneficial. Intellectual property helps promote development and aims for a more economic growth in overall well-being. In direct relation to pharmaceutical drugs, the creation of the drugs are never ending, and also supplies a huge source of financial growth for all of the developing companies. In fact, â€Å"The combined profits for the ten drug companies in the Fortune 500 ($35.9 billion) were more than the profits for all the other 490 businesses put together ($33.7 billion) [in 2002] †¦Ã¢â‚¬  (The Truth about DrugShow MoreRelatedDangers Of Counterfeit Pharmaceutical Drugs1595 Words   |  7 PagesDangers of Counterfeit Pharmaceutical Drugs Remember that time you really wanted to buy a Louis Viton bag? Then the thought of spending thousands on it held you back? So instead you bought a knock off, and saved yourself a boat load of money. No harm done right? Well not exactly, of course your wearing your new bag out with your friends didn’t make a difference verse the real one. You felt a little spoiled and your friends loved it too. However, what if it wasn’t just a purse that you bought asRead MoreCyber Crimes And The Cyber Crime Epidemic1511 Words   |  7 PagesThe rise of the cyber-crime epidemic is a danger that can affect even the wariest of internet users. There is an abundance of ways that hackers and the hidden dangers of the internet can pose threats to internet users. Cyber scams, the deep and dark web, and counterfeiting are just some of the cyber-crimes that exist in our day-to-day world. The effects of cyber-crimes can range from computer viruses, to monetary loss, and even identity theft. Abo ve all, cyber-crimes can include internet users beingRead MorePrescription Health Care Essay1253 Words   |  6 PagesThe cost of prescription drugs in America has risen to the level that most Americans could not afford them with out the help of an insurance plan. The greedy and capitalistic pharmaceutical companies rely on the United States to fund the future development of drugs with skyrocketing prices and enormous margins. Recently the issue has extended into the mainstream political arena, thanks in part to the new Medicare bill(2). With the push by congress for the importation of drugs from foreign sources,Read MoreCounterfeit Drugs : Safe And Effective Medicine2149 Words   |  9 PagesCounterfeit Drugs in West Africa Safe and effective medicine is an essential element to healthcare. Counterfeit drugs, which may not be safe or efficacious, have become a growing problem around the globe and are compromising treatment of disease and patient health. A counterfeit drug is essentially fake medicine. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines a counterfeit drug to be a product which has been deliberately or fraudulently mislabeled in regards to its identity and source. A counterfeitRead MoreSupport Drug Regulation Acts932 Words   |  4 PagesS.959—Pharmaceutical Compounding Quality, Security and Accountability Act, was introduced into the U.S Senate May 15, 2013 by Thomas Harkin, Democratic senator of Iowa, along with the support of five cosponsors. The bill, if it’d passed would have amended the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA) to expand the regulation of compounded drugs. It would have allowed the Federal Government to oversee drug compounders’ operations to ensure drug quality and safety. Most recently, the bill was referredRead MoreCosmetic Surgery And Its Effects On Society1462 Words   |  6 Pagessurgery performed around the world today. Botox causes a reversible paralysis, which helps stop muscle spasms. Back in to 1970’s Botox was a common drug, that was made as a lotion, and would be rubbed on in the irritated area. To help relax and soothe the muscle, but today it is used for reasons that could be uncalled for, which puts that person in danger. Ken Coleman declared,â€Å"Today botox is used to smooth frown lines, or relax muscles.† (par. 1). Also botulism paralyzed facial muscles, which canRead MoreAn Apprasal of the Activities of Nafdac in Nigeria Economy2395 Words   |  10 Pagesrole of NAFDAC becomes important. The National Agency for Food and Drugs and Control (NAFDAC) was established as a parastatal of the Federal Ministry of Health by Decree No. 15 of 1993 as amended by Decree No. 19 of 1999. It is a regulatory body mandated to promote and protect the health and well being of Nigerians through the regulation and control of the importation, exportation, manufacture, sale, use and advertisement of food, drugs, cosmetics, medical devices, packaged water, chemical and detergentsRead More Steroid Use in Major League Baseball Essay example1596 Words   |  7 Pagesmedals away from athletes on steroids, but were supposed to look the other way in MLB because a guy can make the ball go further? Drug testing is commonplace everywhere, and used in other sports, as the article mentioned. Baseball should be no different. Matt Bookman of San Jose, California writes Thats it. Im done as a baseball fan until MLB has a comprehensive drug testing policy. I feel so naive. I really thought that the players had gotten bigger and stronger because they had learned the valueRead MoreUnderground Economy4900 Words   |  20 Pageseconomic activity which is not measured by government statistics. 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Inventory Management Pamp;G is using Intelligent Daily Forecasting, a solution developed by Terra Technology

Intercultural Communication in Business for History-myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theIntercultural Communication in Business for History. Answer: The word Inter-cultural communication is defined as a positioned process of communication between individuals and communities of varied linguistic as well as cultural origins (Moran, Abramson and Moran 2014). In todays global business arena plays a vital role for successful product or service establishment in a different region of the globe. The significance of cross-cultural interaction is immense to establish any business as ineffective communication might result in misunderstandings and thus lead to broken relations with investors or clients(Chaney and Martin 2013). Such a case can be related to two popular cultures- Chinese and Australian business styles. The paper will evaluate a situation of an Australian entrepreneur who owns The Aroma Shop and a small factory situated in WaggaWagga.It will further focus on the cross-cultural business interaction of Mary, the entrepreneur with a renowned storemanager in China,Mr. Lau. It will further highlight the Chinese businessetiquettes, a nd examine areas of potential inter cultural communication with the use of Hofstede model of culture and providing suitable recommendations to address any issues related to it. The Chinese monarchy is considered as the most conventional dominion of the world that dates back to 841 BC(So and Walker 2013). It consists of excessive rigid traditions and rituals that justifies the Chinese society. In the same manner, the Chinese business culture isvery reserved and formal.There is an immense reliance on establishing and maintaining courteous associations in China, thus, greeting with proper usage of Chinese words at appropriate circumstances is considered as a key factor in the business communication process(Quanyu, Tong and Leonard 2013). The Chinese professionals appreciate in exchanging business cards using both hands that are printed in both English and Chinese during any business meetings. They believe in the importance of groups rather than individuals. They at the same time are intensely conservative when it comes to business attire(Mazanecet al.2015). Chinese professionals are highly appreciative to people who show respect to their cultures and etiquette s as it plays a central role while ascertaining any business alliance (Sugimoto 2014). Businesspersons in China take active participation in decision-making procedure. They believe in the involvement of each member of all hierarchy of an organization. Thus, this process of active participation of members leads to easy implementations(Lee, Trimi and Kim 2013). Chinese professionals believe in unhurried way of action duringnegotiation process and encourages uncovered proceedings that involved fundamental principles of mutual and shared interests. They follow a zero defect policy whereby there should be zero percent flawlessness and breaching to the assigned task is regarded as failure for the businessperson as the nation is sole leader oriented culture and appreciate similar approach from foreigners(Fiske, Hodge and Turner 2016). Even during initial business meetings, Chinese get gifts depending on the size of the company and type of business negotiation but strictly condemns expensiv e gifts as that might result in establishing a bribing potentiality within the business. Another vital factor of their business culture is the time arrival, which they firmly adhere to, and expects the same from their foreign guests(Lee, Trimi and Kim 2013). Several theorists study cultural dimensions and theories to study various aspects to guide the behavior of different cultures. One such researcher is Geer Hofstede, who is considered as an important researcher in cross-cultural studies. The significance of Hofstedes theory lies on two areas. Firstly, Hofstedes study diverts from verbal and non-verbal communication, which is associated to external expressions of the Tree Model, and thus it is more convenient to alter(Ching-Hwang 2013). The second area focuses on the outline of values, intense associations and moral guidance that causes difficulty in changing. Secondly, Hofstede has conducted a systematic research on these values and a cent point scale of measurement has been conducted. He has provided with six dimensions to have an explicit idea of the cultural dimensions of several countries. The dimensions are power distance, uncertainty avoidance, and individualism versus collectivism, masculinity versus femininity, long term versu s short-term orientation and indulgence versus restraint (Venaik and Brewer 2013. The first dimension is calledpower distance that is referred as the extent to which less influential members of the society recognize and expect that power be distributed unequally. In vast power distance cultures, each member deserves the correct position in social hierarchy (Hsu, Woodside and Marshall 2013). The notion of rightful place is important for understanding the culture globalbrands. Power and inequality are excessively fundamental aspects of any given society. According to Hofstede, every society is unequal but few societies are disparate than others are. The second dimension is related to uncertainty avoidance is not that much related to risk avoidance. It generally deals with the tolerance level of the society for ambiguity. This indicates the way culture programs make their members feel in various unstructured situations(Moran, Abramson and Moran 2014). Amorphous scenarios are novel, unidentified, surprising and different from the ordinary. Cultures dealing with unsure situations try to decrease the prospects of such circumstances through stern behavioral codes and conducts. According to few researches, uncertainty accepting cultures are prone to tolerance of view different their usage(Lee, Trimi and Kim 2013). People belonging to these cultures are more phlegmatic and introspective and not allowed by their environment to express emotions. The third dimension mentions about the individualism and collectivism in the social perspective. Individualism differs from collectivism as the latter deals with societal perspectives and not an individual characteristic(Fiske, Hodge and Turner 2016). Individualism is referred to the degree to which members of the society are free and are considered to look after individual families. On the other side, collectivism is considered to discover cultures where people from the time of birth are more integrated into strong, interrelated groups, which are often stretched to families that believe in securing themselves from unquestioning loyalty, exchange (Frijnset al. 2013). The concept of individualism prevails in developed western regions whereas collectivism exists in less developed eastern countries while China occupies a position in the middle on this dimension. The fourth dimension is referred to masculinity in opposition to femininity. This dimension has a general characteristic rather than individualism. It refers to the allocation of values between genders that is another primary issue for the society (Moran, Abramson and Moran 2014). The space between the values of men and women is largest in China and Australia. In both these regions, men score higher for exhibiting masculine values and attitudes whereas women gain relatively highly for masculine values. The fifth dimension identified by Hofstede is long term and short-term orientation which deals with the concept of the relation of a society with its past in order to cope up with current and potential risks of the society (Mazanec et al. 2015). The sixth and new aspect that Hofstede has mentioned is the polarity between indulgence and restraint. Indulgence refers to the society that permits relatively free gratification of natural human desires. According to Hofstedes power distance, the power distance in Australia is considered relatively low and specifies to greater range of equality between societal levels such as government and social organizations (Lee, Trimi and Kim 2013). On the other hand, Chinese power distance has high rate of power distance that results in members of an organization to possess greater power and authority than the others. They generalize the notion of status and power with a section of the society considered as superior because of their social status, gender and race than the others who have not advantageous enough to receive such ascribed status (Smith et al. 2013). A high level of individualismis also noticed in the Australian culture whereas China shows a high level of collectivism and group orientation in their culture. The latter emphasizes a very strong group harmony and interdependence(Fiske, Hodge and Turner 2016). Hofstedes dimensions on cultural difference also focus on the masculinity an d femininity dimension on the role dissemination between genders. The masculinity dimension is higher in China than Australia, as Australia reflects cultural assertiveness, material success, confidence and individual accomplishments (Fiske, Hodge and Turner 2016). Australia is regarded as a universalistic culture where agreements and contracts are based on the terms of business and laws are applied to every citizen of the country whereas China reflects something dissimilar from the former. A set of recommendationsmust be provided for an effective business meeting between Mary and Mr. Lau. Mary, belonging from a Western country must honor the value of time as Chinese have an excessive ability of punctuality. Chinese believe in silence at a business setting and consider it as a key to wisdom and self-control. Thus, Mary shall not indulge in speaking excess and giving excess of information as this might hinder the meeting. Furthermore, Mary must consider the masculinity aspect of the Chinese. Thus, Mary, in order to conduct a smooth conversation with Mr. Lau must keep in mind the varying ideologies of men in China and her own country. Lastly, she needs to honor Chinese culture and avoid any miscommunication related to the cultural disparity between the two countries. Therefore, from the above discussion it can be analyzed that a wide gap lies between the cultural dimensions of Australia and China. This essay has evaluated the cultural traditions and business etiquettes that Chinese business professionals follow to establish successful and effective businesses. It also focused on the cultural framework through Hofstedes cultural framework to understand various cultural aspects. Lastly, this paper explored cultural discrepancies of China and Australia and further provided recommendations that will be beneficial for the Australian businessperson Mary to conduct an effective business conversation with Mr. Lau for her business expansion in China. References Chaney, L. and Martin, J., 2013.Intercultural business communication. Pearson Higher Ed. Ching-Hwang, Y., 2013.Ethnic Chinese business in Asia: History, culture and business enterprise. World Scientific. Fiske, J., Hodge, B. and Turner, G., 2016.Myths of Oz: reading Australian popular culture. Routledge. Frijns, B., Gilbert, A., Lehnert, T. and Tourani-Rad, A., 2013. Uncertainty avoidance, risk tolerance and corporate takeover decisions.Journal of Banking Finance,37(7), pp.2457-2471. Hsu, S.Y., Woodside, A.G. and Marshall, R., 2013. Critical tests of multiple theories of cultures consequences: Comparing the usefulness of models by Hofstede, Inglehart and Baker, Schwartz, Steenkamp, as well as GDP and distance for explaining overseas tourism behavior.Journal of Travel Research,52(6), pp.679-704. Lee, S.G., Trimi, S. and Kim, C., 2013. The impact of cultural differences on technology adoption.Journal of World Business,48(1), pp.20-29. Mazanec, J.A., Crotts, J.C., Gursoy, D. and Lu, L., 2015. Homogeneity versus heterogeneity of cultural values: An item-response theoretical approach applying Hofstede's cultural dimensions in a single nation.Tourism Management,48, pp.299-304. Moran, R.T., Abramson, N.R. and Moran, S.V., 2014.Managing cultural differences. Routledge. Quanyu, H., Tong, C. and Leonard, J.W., 2013.Business decision making in China. Routledge. Smith, P.B., Fischer, R., Vignoles, V.L. and Bond, M.H., 2013.Understanding social psychology across cultures: Engaging with others in a changing world. Sage. So, Y.L. and Walker, A., 2013.Explaining guanxi: The Chinese business network. Routledge. Venaik, S. and Brewer, P., 2013. Critical issues in the Hofstede and GLOBE national culture models.International Marketing Review,30(5), pp.469-482.

Why Organized Sports Are Benificial Essays -

Why Organized Sports Are Benificial 25 million American children can not be wrong. Even though at least 20 million of these kids will suffer injury by the age of 15, only 10% of the injuries are serious enough to require more than one visit to the doctor. I have been playing baseball as well as other organized sports for almost 15 years; and in my opinion, sports develop friendship and self-esteem. I believe that coaches should take a how-to class on what a coach should and should not do. Injuries occur for three main reasons. First, because parents push their children past their natural ability level, thus it causes injury to the over worked body parts. Second, an accident occurs such as a turned ankle or a ball taking a bad bounce and hitting a player. The third, and most common reason, a coach teaches a player the wrong way to perform specific task. For example, when I was 12 years old, my baseball coach taught me the wrong way to throw a curve ball. After repeatedly throwing the wrong way, I tore a ligament in my right elbow. If my coach at that time, would have taken some kind of class, he would have known the proper way to teach the technique. Nevertheless, I feel that sports should greatly benefit a child's self-esteem. Competition also builds self-esteem because children grow both emotionally and physically and sports help to develop a positive view of both themselves and their athletic skills. As long as children feel that they are beneficial to the team, they are developing self-esteem because they see their personal role in the team as important to the whole cause. If a child is not athletically gifted, he can always take up a more non-competitive sport such as jogging or weight-training. This will also build self-esteem because the child can see his improvement and relate to others at the same time (Michelli and Jenkins). As well as building self-esteem, sports can help develop life-long friendships. Children form all different ethnic and religious backgrounds come together to play a game. This makes a good place for children to mingle with others of the same age. This can in turn give each child a sense of belonging and camaraderie between different races. Athletics also allow children to learn about their abilities as compared to other children of the same age. Children learn about talent that otherwise may have gone unnoticed. If I had not been involved in sports from an early age, I may have never discovered the talent that I have in baseball. I loved playing baseball from the first day I stepped on the field. I feel that most every child has a good time being around children of their own age. If not for the fun of playing the game, then for the fun of being around children that are different from them. In conclusion, children have fun while building self-esteem and making new friendships. I believe that the advantages outweigh the disadvantages by far. That is why I believe we should let kids have fun, and learn about themselves while doing it. Religion

Nursing Patient and Self-care Deficit Essay Example

Nursing: Patient and Self-care Deficit Paper Applying Dorothea Orems Self-Care Deficit Theory To Practice Dorothea Orem developed her self-care deficit theory of nursing under three interrelated theories known as the theory of self-care, theory of self-care deficit, and theory of nursing systems. Each of these theories explains concepts of basic conditioning factors to support her general theory. Orem’s theory suggests that all individuals have a need for self-care action on a continuous basis. When self-care can no longer be performed due to injury or illness the patient develops a self-care deficit and requires the assistance of the nurse to provide quality and quantity healthcare. Orem’s interrelated theories can be applied to day to day practice on the stroke unit. The theory of self-care is the patient’s ability to perform their own self-care needs to maintain life, health, and well-being. Basic conditioning factors of self-care include age, gender, developmental state and environmental factors to name a few. Stroke patients may lose their entire ability to provide self-care depending on where the stroke occurred. Basic things such as eating or even speaking may be affected. One of the first steps taken on the floor is a bedside swallow evaluation. This is very important because it determines if oral nutrition or medications can be given. Swallowing problems can increase risk of morbidity and mortality, as well as risk of aspiration pneumonia where food or fluids pass into the airway (Morris, 2009). Patients may be unable to receive necessary treatment if they have the inability to swallow and collaboration with the doctor is needed to determine whether or not other routes for nutrition or medication administration may be used. We will write a custom essay sample on Nursing: Patient and Self-care Deficit specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Nursing: Patient and Self-care Deficit specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Nursing: Patient and Self-care Deficit specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The theory of self-care deficit is the main element of Orem’s general theory. The self-care-deficit theory is acquired when individuals are unable to perform basic needs to sustain health, life and well-being. Stroke patients may only be able to use one arm, or one leg which is known as hemiparesis. The nurse is therefore needed to assist with things such as oral care and nutrition. The nurse encourages the patient to use stronger or non-affected side to eat or perform oral care. Patients want to feel independent and it’s mportant that nurses support self-care. The theory of nursing systems is how the nurse determines what the needs are of the patient. On the stroke floor nurses are constantly performing neurological checks to determine whether or not any changes have occurred or to assess for any deficits. When a patient has a deficit such as dysphagia or difficulty swallowing, nurses must assist that patient by crushing pills, making sure the patient has the proper di et and ensure the patient is always sitting upright during oral intake to prevent aspiration. Nurses are pivotal in ensuring that patients’ dysphagia needs are met and managed promptly and safely (Hughes, 2011). Dorothea Orem’s theory of self-care can be applied to clinical practice in many different ways. One area of practice Orem’s theory is used is on the stroke units as described above. Patient’s want to be independent and in charge of their own healthcare decisions. Stroke can be debilitating and patients may not be able to perform routine task such as eating or brushing teeth. Nurses must assist patient with these task and encourage patients to participate as much as possible. Nurses play a very critical role in supporting and promoting independence in patient care. Allowing patients to be independent in their self-care and assisting when patients are unable to perform tasks will create positive patient outcomes and is the basis behind Orem’s self-care deficit theory. References Hughes, S. (2011, April 2011). Management of dysphagia in stroke patients. Nursing Older People, 23(3), 21-24. Morris, H. (2009). Assessment and management of dysphagia after stroke. Assessment and management of dysphagia after stroke, 11(8), 385-388.

Acid Base Titration Lab Essays

Acid Base Titration Lab Essays Acid Base Titration Lab Essay Acid Base Titration Lab Essay The completion of a reaction can be seen by a change in color or when the pH remains constant. The equivalence point during titration is when both solutions are present in equal amounts. The end point of the titration is when the reaction has been completed, which is usually marked by a change in color. One researchable question relating to acid/base titration would be what strengths of acids and bases react with each other during titration, and what kind of solution woo a ten two teen Tort. Strong access Ana strong oases can react, Ana teen Tort a neutral solution. Strong acids and weak bases can react, and they form an acidic elution. Strong bases can also react with weak acids to form a basic solution. Errors Improvements Adding Noah too quickly. Add the Noah one drop at a time until the proper level has been reached. The data was not properly recorded. Keep track of each pH increase for each experiment as opposed to Just initial and spikes. Beret may have been contaminated since multiple classes used the same beret without cleaning it. Clean the beret before and after each period of experimentation in order to avoid contamination.

Health record structures in computer-driven formats Essay

Health record structures in computer-driven formats - Essay Example In addition, this structure enables me to perceive of the likely effect of reorganizing health records and any associated medical narrative. Many healthcare institutes, particularly public ones, cannot meet the expense of lowering open medical language to mere postscripts in the strategy of EHRs. EHRs with computer-driven formats is an essential movement towards information system structure that employ natural language dispensation as a major innovation for translating it from unorganized to organized representations (Davis and LaCour, 2014). Health record structures in computer-driven formats are applicable in my work area, systems science, in terms of standardization, organization, and easy control. For electronic health records to exhaust all their potentials and purposes, this data has to be made uniform, structured, and simple to control. This data often includes patients’ symptoms, diseases, allergies, clinical histories, family backdrops, and even billing information (Davis and LaCour, 2014). If this type of data is unstructured and unstandardized, treating these patients with utmost efficiency and economy becomes difficult. Additionally, my work area facilitates paperless offices, a factor that computers today are greatly attributing to. Computer-driven formats will enable me to save time while at work while sharing confidential data regarding a given patient at any given time. Computer-driven formats process workflow in my field at a high rate in contrast to manual, paper formats. The benefits of health record structures in computer-driven formats are more efficiency, lower medication and nursing errors, structured data, and effective medical decision-making processes (Davis and LaCour, 2014). There is a significant drive in the course of doing away with conventional medical transcript and converting the clinical documentation

Discussion Board Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 7

Discussion Board - Essay Example It is actually at this point that the women begin acting as detectives. Mrs. Peters made inferences on a loaf of bread left in there, as well as on the possibility that Minnie Wright was actually preparing a quilt and that she was actually making nervous sewing patterns on it, which was a sign of a possible mental problem or anxiety. The rising action continues until the part where both female characters find an empty birdcage and finally a bird in the sewing basket whose neck was wrung. The falling action is the part of the play where the men return from their search while the women pretend not to know anything especially about the dead bird with a broken neck. The men still make fun of the women as they overhear them talking whether Minnie Wright was going to quilt it or knot it. The men thought that the women were just discussing trifles but what they did not realize was that it was the actually the most important piece of evidence they needed. Basically, it is the female characters’ actions and curiosity that advance the play’s plot. Had Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peters not been curious or inquisitive enough, they would not have started looking around the kitchen among Minnie Wright’s things for anything that could satisfy their curiosity. This eventually led them to the bird with a broken neck. Moreover, the indifference of the men towards the women – by regarding them as merely interested in trifles – somehow helped advance the plot too, for, had they been different, they would have searched the kitchen first and the play could have ended there if they had found the bird

Odyssey by Homer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Odyssey by Homer - Essay Example It is therefore the epic is regarded as one of the most alluring and splendid works the world has ever produced. The poet has elaborated that maintenance of dignity and valor was the most imperative phenomenon for Greeks, on which they could not make any compromise altogether. Similarly, the politeness and modesty during speech and actions was also highly significant object for the society, and use of eloquent, apposite and sophisticated words during social interaction was regarded as the sign of being cultured and modest. Moreover, the people of the city were also munificent and generous, and always treated the guests with open arms and happy heart. Consequently, dignity, politeness and hospitality served as the most dominant features of the ancient Greek civilization of Homeric era. The verses depict the valor, pride, ego, prestige and strength of the major characters including the protagonist King Odysseus of Ithaca and his son Telemachus. Similarly, the loyalty, fidelity and dedi cation of Penelope, and the love and affection of the Ithacan subjects for their King Odysseus are also the distinguishing aspects of the ancient Greek life. The play reveals the very fact that the honor, prestige and dignity were regarded as the most prominent aspects of social life among the ancient Greek people, and they did not make any compromise on these issues altogether. ... The issue of pride and shame also appears at the eve of the challenge made by Euryalus, the handsome and strong Phaeacian youth, to Odysseus after the latter’s attending the Phaeacian assembly. Euryalus asks Odysseus to participate in the athletic contest along with the other Athenian youth. (Book 8: lines 178-182) However, Odysseus refused to comply with the same. Consequently, Euryalus passes insulting comments on him by declaring him as a sailor trading back and forth  in a ship with many oars, as well as a captain in charge of merchant sailors (Book 8, lines 200-202) In response to these awkward words, Odysseus made a thought-provoking speech in which he laments over his present state of affairs that is not suitable for the participating in athletics. However, he throws discus so powerfully that no one can do the same. Consequently, Athena encourages him to participate in other competitions too, which he does and wins the same. Hence, he obtains the opportunity of provin g his worth in discus throwing and wrestling. Thus, cunning speeches made by the protagonist character made situation uncomfortable, and the King announces the end of the games for the day. Odysseus is determined to fight against rival generals, sea monsters, court intriguers and hypocrites in order to display his bravery on the one hand, and to sustain the status of a dignified ruler on the other. It is therefore he sets out to fight war against the Trojan army just for the sake of enjoying the status of the most gallant and respectable person of the city. At the beginning of the Trojan War, he appears to be the father of an infant of one month only, departing from him

Advantages Of Effective Communication

Advantages Of Effective Communication Effective communication is the act of using correct word in order to get your message across and keep in mind who is receiving it. For example most people often use up to date slang when with friends as a mean of talking effective considering the best way to get their message to that person. Advantages of effective communication The fact is that while you already know how to communicate, learning a some simple principles that can be used at once will make you an effective communicator and give you enormous advantage in todays extreme competitive business world. Conflict is reduced. Conflict can arouse from the smallest word or action and can cause destructive responses and behaviours .Unsolved or poorly navigated conflict can harm and even ruin relationships.   Most conflict is cause by misunderstood communication. When you turn out to be an effective communicator, you can solve conflict and create harmony by bridging the communication gaps that create conflict. You can even use your skills to resolve conflict between other people. Effective communication skills provide a key role in successfully resolving conflict, both in the home and in the workplace. Help people  to  adopt your ideas.   Knowing how to persuade and getting people adopted to your idea require you to nudge hard and do things that will piss people off to make them adopt your ideas. Effective communication is not about you and getting what you want it is about becoming aware of what other people want and need and then adapting your presentation to match their needs. As you practice and develop your skills, you will find that people easily  adopt your ideas because you have cleverly helped them to notice them for themselves rather than telling them about them. Have stronger relationships. A keen, healthy relationship can be best achieves in your life. Good relationships enhance every part of your life, supporting your health, mind, and your connections with others. Some relationships are special and people often come all together for several reasons. Effective communication builds strong business and personal relationships and allowing you understand exactly what people want  and how to give it to them. At the same time, it allows you know how to communicate your thoughts and emotions in ways that people we automatically understand at an unconscious level. Lead to successful career. Effective communication provides people great advantage in getting good jobs which they had passion for, balancing their mood of life both in academic, moral aspect and bring out the out of life. People will like you better. People grow very accustomed to a certain manner in life. We like to celebrate individuality in the world and also discriminate against to that are dissimilar to us. Gratefully, effective communication shows us that we dont need to decide between these two polarities. We can communicate in a way which is similar to other people while still keeping the honour of our individuality. In order to be unique easily express what you want to express (say what you want to say and do what you want to do but in a way which is familiar and understandable to other people. Using effective communication will aid you to understand other people well and when you understand them, you will relate to them well. When you relate well, people will like you more. Get more of what you want out of life. It means you have to be assertive to get the best out of life. Assertiveness is an act of self-control. It involves understanding what we want, believing in our right to want it, and asking for it without requiring that we have our way, not violating other people right in every life activities. When you learn to communicate effectively in  ways that people automatically understand, they will be delighted to help you and provide you with the resources that you need to achieve your goals and dreams. Reference to this site:www.maximumadvantage.com Provides Clarity Effective communication give clarity in order to stay away from any confusion. Without clarity, messages can be unclear, lacking purpose and definition. Misunderstandings usually take place as soon as people could not understand precisely what is expected of them or being communicated to. Clarity happens by means of effective communication: questioning and repeating messages to the sender. Disadvantages of effective communication Manipulates Persuasion is an effective way of influencing people. When we use effective communication to persuade people in a manipulative manner, it might let them make decisions they might not really want to make. Example, suppose salesperson visit you at home and uses well organized persuasive method to market you products that you could not afford, it can let you come across financial problem. Reference to this site: http://www.ehow.com/list_6714762_advantages-disadvantages-effective-communication.html Being talkative when people over explain a details, the audience or listener might feel very bored leaving them more confuse and loosing focus of what is being communicated,It might let them not getting the point and going off on point which are not relevant. Vocal intonation and body language Sometime in life people might want to say or express their ideas but communication could be completely different by means of vocal intonation and body language. This might cause the receiver to pick out between vocal and nonverbal section of the message and might not really help to get the messages to receiver, this is because the receiver mostly like to pick out the nonverbal part. Reference to this site: http://www.preservearticles.com/201107309616/294-words-essay-on-effective-communication-skills.html Importance of effective communication Effective communication are very essential in every part of life, either in relationship or business. People in organization might naturally spend most their time in associating with people. Hence is of no amaizement that at the basis of a big number of organizational difficulty is inadequate communication. This very observable in cross-cultural situations whereas language is an issue. But it is normal among people of the same culture. Effective communication occur as an important part of organizational success either it is at the interpersonal, intergroup, organizational or external levels. Furthermore in developing social relationships like father, mother and children, communication skills are most essential. Proper communication skills lets people understand one another and working together pertaining to a goal. While learning these effective communication skills, you can well connect with your kids, friends, relations, spouse and coworkers. According to this Authors: Lawrence Robinson, Jeanne Segal, Ph. D., and Robert Segal, M.A. Last updated: March 2013. RFERENCE TO THIS SITE: http://www.helpguide.org/mental/effective_communication_skills.htm TASK04 A. What is research skills A research is the act of gathering information and carefully finding out new fact about it. While research skills are those skills we have or acquire to make decision when carrying out any kind of research process. Research skills are essential in all aspect of life be it in School, Organization, and Countries e. t .c. Having goods research skills before conducting a survey or any kind of research process will give you clear understanding about the research you are to conduct and well organize information on how you go with the research .When you have better understanding of the research and you will be able to have effective ideas and good answer that really help your research. Often people became confuse when it comes to conducting a survey or any kind of research process because dont know how to go about it and where to start from. By you having good research skills you will be able to do research more effectively, accurately and with enough confidence. And it would even help saving your time, reducing frustration and anxiety as well doing the research perfectly. Likewise it would even help you to encapsulating most what you from read books, internet searcher engine in your mind in other to develop your own idea because it is highly believed that anything you develop from the mind is one the greatest advantage ones can ever think of ,rather than just using someone else idea for all. And make your research very awesome with solid introduction than anyone else. Research skills are very crucial and important because it assist the researcher to create new idea, knowledge and understanding by means of problem solving, critical thinking, analysis and dissemination of facts .Research skills are more wide than just finding out fact and several focus than reading widely around a subject. When you acquire some basic skills, you would be able to find good resource for any kind of research process. Example; Critical Thinking By means of critical thinking skills you would be able to bring up important idea about problems that might occur when conducting a survey or any kind of research process. At the same time, you would able to evaluate and gather information related to the research and coming up with accurate conclusion. Critical thinking would also assist you knowing how to figure out fact base information during research process. STAGES OF A SUCESSFUL RESEARCH .Analyzing your assignment .Generating topic ideas .Refining your topic .Formulating your research questing .Conclusions For example; .Analyzing: It means careful read the assignment as not to do the wrong answer. A lot people do research without looking back on how the question is been asked. .Refining your topic: There is no way you can get around fact search for information. Unfortunate a lot effort and time would be waisted if you not spent enough time to investigating and refining your topic. Good research occur from the early work you have done when carrying out a research. In conclusion, if my research is very successful I would have be one of the happiest person on earth, full of excitement and giving thanks to God for helping me through the wrong and right I experienced during research. TASK04 B. IMPORTANCE OF HAVING TRANSFERABLE SKILL Transferable skills are those skills we have and that skills are transferred or being used in carrying out some other works. It is awfully essential to have transferable skills because it assists us carrying out new work. Example if you are a good team player you can transfer that your skill in job which would really benefit us very much because in work place we meet different type of people and different people think differently so we should be able to work together with other people to run org. properly. Likewise if somebody is a manager in a workplace then he should be able to lead the people otherwise there may be a problem and the management cannot go smooth. Likewise if we have good mass communication skills then we can impress people by our words and thoughts. And we would be able to express ourselves to the world. If we have good skills in reading and learning then we will be able to know others ideas and with the benefit of those ideas we have created new several ideas. Example Newton had created three laws which are used in science for doing many different things. So it has helped science in many ways. Similarly, we need to have transferable skills like Self-motivation Grooming employees to do some work willingly Self-regulation Self assurance Time management Use the time efficiently If we have self motivation skills, it will always lead us to development. Example when we are in school, if we dont get good grades at first then we need to have self motivation skills to study more seriously so that we can get good result next time. And if we are able to acquire this skills then we can transfer this skills in different place in workplace so that we would be able to do bring possible changes and receive benefits from it. In other hand, time management is very important skill that everybody should possess because if we cant be able to manage time then we cant do anything. Example in a student life activities, we need to manage time for studying extra curriculum activities .This is equally important fou knowledge personality development. As well as if we can be able to manage time then it will help us in the future. As well as everyone knows time doesnt wait for anybody and once the opportunity is gone then the same opportunity never comes back again. And to be success ful in life we need to be able to know the important of time. Example when we have top attain some meeting and we if we dont be able to be in time we wont be able to discuss about the subject and conclusion. So it is very to have transferable skills and which would benefit us and to other people as well. Reference:www.ukessay.com/essays/edution/demonstrate-and-deliver-a-range-of-transferable-skills-education-essay.php

All of Childhood is Essentially Preparation for Adulthood

It is said that all of childhood is essentially preparation for adulthood. Children, during the precious few years they spend without the responsibility, awareness and experience to be considered adults, watch and mimic the world around them, for it is by mimicking that they learn to become adults themselves. Both â€Å"Werewolves in Their Youth†, by Michael Chabon and â€Å"The Man in the Well†, by Ira Sher, promote the supposition that all of childhood is preparation for adulthood, by revealing characteristics and attitudes in young children that show glimpses of the world and environment in which they were raised and by which they were shaped.Both stories, additionally, give insight as to what it is that separates adults from children, both by contrasting adult and child characters and by leading the reader to a directed realization of what characteristics of behavior define adulthood. In â€Å"The Man in the Well†, Sher begins by having the nine year old chil d, whose name is the only one among all of the children that we never learn, state that although he remembered that the children had made the decision not to help the man stuck in the well, he didn’t remember if they’d given themselves a reason for not helping.(Sher, 1) The act of making a decision without giving a reason is both very childlike and very adult-like. Children, without the ability to make critical decision and employ as rational thought as adults, often make decisions without reasons, functioning mainly on impulse. Will I swing on the swings or ride the slide? Slide it is – but why? But failing to give a reason for a decision can also be a very adult-like quality. After all, hasn’t everyone heard their mother voice the statement â€Å"I don’t need a reason, I’m your mother†?Adults and especially parents will often make a decision without giving a reason to enforce that they are beyond needing to give a reason and should not be questioned by virtue of their status as adults. So while the children’s decision not to help the man in the well was not supported by a reason, and while that may have only been a sign of childhood impetuousness, it can also be a sign of imitating the adults that have provided the examples to follow in their lives.The next sign in â€Å"The Man in the Well† the childhood is essentially preparation for adulthood is in the children’s unwillingness to give their names to the man in the well, exhibited by the careful way in which they talk and the embarrassment felt when one child’s name is accidentally revealed. (Sher, 3) This, like making decisions without giving reasons, can also be seen as both an adultlike and a childlike trait, bridging the behaviors of one generation to the next. Remaining nameless is a way to hide, and in a situation where the children are already a bit fearful and unsure of their own actions, hiding is natural instinct.Indeed, when the boy whose name has been revealed decides to reveal the names of all of his friends who have also ignored the plight of the man in the well, the protagonist compares the faces of the children clustered around the well as their names are announced to the faces of â€Å"spectators in the freak tent when the circus† comes to town. (Sher 5) This comparison shows an awareness of behavior that is startling adult in nature. As Aaron brings everyone out of hiding by announcing names, they begin to see themselves as if watching a carny at the fair. Without the cloak of anonymity to hide behind, awareness is built.This is a very adult-like reaction, in that roles are often carried out anonymously in the adult world, to protect at times and to cloak in others. How many accused criminals know the names of the jurors in whose hands their fate is held? How many American citizens know the names of the cabinet members and advisors that the president uses to make decisions that will impact both the country and the world? There is safety in anonymity. Similarly, in â€Å"Werewolves in Their Youth†, the children, Timothy and Paul, find safety in creating roles and identities for themselves beyond those by which their parents, teachers and friends know them.Both children have suffered difficulties at home and at school. Timothy seems to have lost a father to Vietnam and Paul’s own father seems to be on his way out of his life, the result of an imminent divorce. (Chabon 2, 4) Both mothers are depicted as frazzled women trying to do their best. And both Timothy and Paul have attended the same doctor, implied to be a psychiatrist, perhaps as a result of their home lives or perhaps a result of the teasing they face in school and the perception that they are each other’s only friend.(Chabon, 8) Therefore, it is in the roles that they create for themselves, similar to the anonymity in â€Å"The Man in the Well†, that they find safety. This, a t first, can seem to be a very childlike reaction – two children entering into a land of make believe in order to shelter themselves from the outside world. However, it is a very psychologically profound reaction that shows their tendencies toward adulthood. We see in Paul’s behavior his imitation of his mother, even in his role as â€Å"Ant-Man†. His mom, apparently a realtor, is his basis for the behavior he exhibits when showing ants around in the village he has created for them.(Chabon, 1) He perceives his mother’s role as a realtor as a powerful one, apparently, because in transforming into his role as Ant-Man, he exhibits power over the ants. One of the clearest examples of childhood as preparation for adulthood occurs towards the end of â€Å"Werewolves in Their Youth†. Paul has been extremely reluctant to be lumped in with Timothy and exhibits defiant behavior when they are in the office together, turning his back on what he has already ack nowledged is his only friend. Mrs.Gladfelter, the children’s teacher, has tried valiantly to convince Paul to help Timothy come out of the character he has assumed and used to terrorize girls on the playground: that of a werewolf. Paul, caught in the trap of childhood, tries to convince himself that he sees signs that Timothy is actually a werewolf, seeing a â€Å"werewolf glint† (Chabon, 7) in his eyes and the â€Å"thin, dark down of wolfish hair† upon his cheek (Chabon, 9). He struggles to make adult sense of this, however, and is torn by his desire to distance himself from this friend and the desire to help.He finally makes his decision: he will help. Donning the persona of the professor that Timothy has repeatedly referred to him as, he plays into Timothy’s fantasy that he’s not yet found an antidote for his werewolfism. As he’s being lead out of the office and back to class, he stops, turns around and with his imaginary gun, takes care ful aim at Timothy, telling him that he’s going to shoot him with a dart filled with antidote and tranquilizer. He then pretends to shoot at Timothy, and Timothy, well within this fantasy world himself, proclaims himself cured.(Chabon, 10) To the bystander, it might appear that these are simply two kids playing a game, but Paul has the adult awareness to see that his teacher is looking at him approvingly for his actions. This is not different from how many parents cope with the ills their children suffer – engaging in fantasy to heal wounds and distract from pain. Both Chabon and Sher clearly show in the characters they have created that the actions and reactions children work through during childhood is an imitation of the adult world in which they live.Because of that imitation, the children are forming their future selves for the adults that they will someday become – preparing for adulthood starts young. By looking at the short stories by these authors, trai ts are shown that differentiate children from adults. The key trait, beyond age and experience, that separates adults from children is awareness. In the Chabon story, Paul becomes aware at the end that he must take actions to help his friend Timothy, and that without those actions, Timothy might not be able to battle his own demons and get back to acting in a normal fashion.This awareness is a giant leap for Paul towards the responsible adult that he will become. In the Sher story, we leave off with the adult feeling of guilt – the nameless protagonist leaves the well for the final time and vows never to return. (Sher, 6) The child has become aware that his actions have been shameful – he and his friends have left a man in the well to die, instead of obtaining help that is so readily available. He is also aware that all of the children feel equally guilty, as upon their last trip from the well, they could not look into each other’s lives. This character has also taken a giant leap towards adulthood.Many children mess up while young and commit deeds for which they later feel sorry, but few contribute to a man’s pain and suffering and assumed death in such a way that it will haunt the rest of their lives. This situation will either impact the child to lead a respectable life later on, to make up for his actions, or will go on to commit later actions in a similar vain, having rationalized his childhood experience. Either way, he has begun his preparation for adulthood. References Chabon, Michael. â€Å"Werewolves in Their Youth†. Random House: 1999. pp. 1-10. Sher, Ira. â€Å"The Man in the Well. † Chicago R

Literature from or about world war Essay

By comparing the extracts from testament of youth, the ghost road and Binyon’s for the fallen and referring to your wider reading examine how typical in both style and treatment of subject matter these writings are of literature from or about world war one. Timing has a significant effect when war literature is written as does whether the source was a first hand account or a work written from others sources. Laurence Binyon wrote ‘For the Fallen’ in 1914 when war had just broke out and at this time people were joyous and glad of the excitement of war, Binyon reflects this view as he personifies England as a ‘mother for her children’ describing England as a caring character unwillingly sending her children to their deaths for ‘the cause of the free’. This patriotism and duty seen by ‘death august and royal’ were wide spread, and although there were deaths the full extent of the trench warfare horrors had been censored, so was only experienced by those at the front. Binyon himself only visited the front at one point so perhaps did not experience horrors as did other writers such as owen, yet he had more first hand Pat barker’s writing ‘Ghost Road’ in 1999. Despite this Pat Barker and Vera Britain’s biography written n 1933 are able to have a wider perspective on the events and Vera Britain in particular is able to look back in hindsight in a way in which Binyon could not and have time to consider events that passed and analyse them . Ghost road contains horrific, graphic images of ‘dismembered bodies hurtling’ and ‘eyelids eaten away’ which although designed to shock a reader so as they are eager to read more are also researched so are true of events which took place during the war. Barker doesn’t hold back from the extreme physicality of the imagery similar to Sebastian Faulke’s ‘Birdsong’ where horrendous images of ‘only a hole remaining between his shoulders’ are common, Faulke’s also uses loves and sex to link in with the physicality of the war wounds. Britain also uses her emotional relationship with Roland for a stark contrast with the vast sense of loss of the last line. This could be authors having to modernise for present-day readers or the lack of patriotism of today’s society which allows or even needs brutally truthful accounts to entertain the reader. The author’s opinion of the war also needs consideration as Binyon was pro- war and felt the personal experience of honour and duty as many young men of 1914 did. Because of this he will have experienced the excitement at the beginning of war and this reflects in his writing such as the ‘glory that shines upon our tears’. ‘For the Fallen’ also gives a sense of respect and waste for the men who ‘shall not grow old, as we that are left grow old,’ particularly emphasising the youthfulness of the dead. The funeral imagery that is run throughout gives the poem a idea of a funeral for all those lost, missing or presumed dead in battle, so no ennobled soldiers are left unhonoured. Binyon focuses on this lament for the dead, they ‘are marching upon the heavenly plains’ giving the impression those who die for their country are viewed more worthy in god’s eyes. Unlike Pat Barkers description of a ‘severed head’ which could be considered disrespectful toward the dead. Binyon uses euphemisms telling of the young men who now ‘sleep beyond England’s foam’ this attitude towards death is mirrored by Vera Britain as she chooses to believe her fianci ‘drifted unconsciously into death’ so as to relieve herself of the pain and loss of her loved one. Vera invites the reader to have empathy towards her as they know her anticipation is an anticlimax and Roland in the end ‘had died of wounds at a casualty clearing station. ‘ The romantic sense in which she describes him and their ‘love that had arisen so swiftly’ is discredited by the matter of fact way she declares his death adding pathos to the extract. This statement is given as if in shock or simply immune to the pain similar to the immunity soldiers gained towards death at the front, they got to the point where as Hulme described, ‘men walked as on Piccadilly over a dead Belgian’s belly. ‘ This immunity does not stretch to every situation however, Barker talks of ‘a friends death precipitating a total collapse’ and ‘nausea, vomiting, spell of forgetfulness’ as if the war not only affect the men physically but also mentally, their whole being with nothing left untouched. Barker’s character Rivers even sees the war torment Craigloackhart’s sleep giving him endless hypnagogic hallucinations of ‘lips eaten away’. Binyon also shows the war affecting the whole being as he talks of the passion and duty of how the men were ‘staunch to the end against odds uncounted. ‘ This sense of duty is elaborated on in war literature, Barker talks of Craiglockhart ‘behaving with exemplary courage and loyalty. ‘ Sebastian Faulke’s hard metal like character Stephen is willing to die due to love for his men by the end. ‘Testament of Youth’ is written as a biography in prose as is the fictional work of Pat Barker’s ‘Ghost Road’, while ‘For the Fallen’ is a poem written in iambic pentameter form. The Iambic is used to give a rhythmical tone reflecting a procession of the marching men, and is perhaps used to imitate the ‘solemn drums. ‘ The rhythm enables the poem to be read slowly and set a tone of pride and respect, the biblical tones throughout the poem such as ‘flesh of her flesh’ serve to give the poem a more serious theme as those lamenting the dead often need religious support. This is true of agnostic Vera Britain who thanks ‘whatever God might exist’ for Roland but when worry sets in she turns to religion ironically praying ‘whosoever liveth in me shall never die’. Death is the major theme running through all the sources, with ‘Ghost Road’ using horrific adjectives to show how the soldiers were degraded even in death but this death left an impact on the friends and relatives who were left behind such as Craiglockhart. Binyon is also assertive to the dead being remembered with him shortening the last line so forth disrupting the steady pattern and emphasizing last lines such as the imperative ‘we will remember them’, and the very last line having further emphasis with repetition of ‘to the end, to the end, they remain. ‘ Other immortalising imagery such as ‘stars’ give a comfort to the reader which they do not achieve from Ghost Road or Vera Britain as the matter of fact death is left without a sense of the soul being at rest as they do as they ‘march upon the heavenly plain’ in For the Fallen. This shows the views of the authors as Binyon is very pro-war and patriotism for the country whilst Britain and Barker show the extremity of the loss and give an anti-war vision to their work as does Wilfred Owen as he opens with a harsh question of ‘what passing bells for those who die as cattle. ‘ This question probes the reader into asking themselves why the war occurred, and with Owens imagery of ‘stuttering rifles’ and ‘sad shires’ it is tough for a reader to think pro-war. Sibilance is frequent in For the Fallen as ‘stars that are starry’ allows for the poem with its harsh theme of death to be softened having a soothing effect upon the reader. To add to this calming flowing effect fricative sounds are added such as ‘flesh of flesh. ‘ This enables a harmonious sound for the dead who died for a cause which is often why the poem is read at remembrance services to put those who have lost loved ones at peace.

Jacobsons Organ and the Sixth Sense

Jacobson's Organ and the Sixth Sense Humans are equipped with five senses: sight, hearing, taste, touch, and smell. Animals possess several extra senses, including altered vision and hearing, echolocation, electric and/or magnetic field detection, and supplementary chemical detection senses. In addition to taste and smell, most vertebrates use Jacobsons organ (also termed the vomeronasal organ and vomeronasal pit) to detect trace quantities of chemicals. Jacobson's Organ While snakes and other reptiles flick substances into Jacobsons organ with their tongues, several mammals (e.g., cats) exhibit the Flehmen reaction. When Flehmening, an animal appears to sneer as it curls its upper lip to better expose the twin vomeronasal organs for chemical sensing. In mammals, Jacobsons organ is used not simply to identify minute quantities of chemicals, but also for subtle communication between other members of the same species, through the emission and reception of chemical signals called pheromones. L. Jacobson In the 1800s, Danish physician L. Jacobson detected structures in a patients nose that became termed Jacobsons organ (although the organ was actually first reported in humans by F. Ruysch in 1703). Since its discovery, comparisons of human and animal embryos led scientists to conclude that Jacobsons organ in humans corresponded to the pits in snakes and vomeronasal organs in other mammals, but the organ was thought to be vestigial (no longer functional) in humans. While humans dont display the Flehmen reaction, recent studies have demonstrated that Jacobsons organ functions as in other mammals to detect pheromones and to sample low concentrations of certain non-human chemicals in the air. There are indications that Jacobsons organ may be stimulated in pregnant women, perhaps partially accounting for an improved sense of smell during pregnancy and possibly implicated in morning sickness. Since extra-sensory perception or ESP is awareness of the world beyond the senses, it would be inappropriate to term this sixth sense extrasensory. After all, the vomeronasal organ connects to the amygdala of the brain and relays information about the surroundings in essentially the same manner as any other sense. Like ESP, however, the sixth sense remains somewhat elusive and hard to describe.

Book Review of the Killer Angels essays

Book Review of the Killer Angels essays Between the days of July 1, 1863 and July 4, 1863, the Civil Wars outcome was decided. These four days have been known as the Battle of Gettysburg, the turning point of the war. In The Killer Angels, Michael Shaara brings us a vivid image of what the battle was like. Shaaras work is very impressive. He is able to capture how things were during the Civil War. The fate of the country was resting on that war so the novel adds a great deal to the readers mind. Shaara was able to bring to the reader a little of the war. The book also gives you a feel for some of the important characters of the battle, including Lee, Longstreet, Pickett, Buford, and Hancock. The most inspiring figure in the book, however, is Colonel Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain. He led the 20th Maine regiment of volunteers who held the Union's left flank on the second day of the battle. The Killer Angels gives us an idea on how war affects people. The characters could have been anyone. The author focuses in on universal emotions, not great figures. For example, everyone has always heard of Grant and Lee because of their importance. But few have heard stories about the common soldier. The book centralizes on the actions of the common soldier, even though it is from the leaders point o view. Emotion in the story affects even generals. Several times in the book you can see that they feel for those lost in battle. Usually, generals are often portrayed as being larger than life. Shaara adds a human touch to them. One conclusion that could be drawn from the book is that the Confederates quick start had some effect. Outnumbered, the Union forces managed to hold until afternoon when they were overpowered and driven back. In the confusion, thousands of Union soldiers were captured before they could rally on Cemetery Hill. The Confederates had captured the town. Picketts charge was the Confederates last chance to change the outcome of th...

IT - Project Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

IT - Project Summary - Essay Example The mission state to define the future of mobile media and computing devices with iPad The expected result of this project is approximately 60% decrease in the time taken by the employees to complete a business transaction and also complete elimination of the inconveniences that are brought about by human error. In addition the transport cost that the company incurs annually will be halved. The proposed technology has substantial intellectual merit for a number of reasons: the resources wasted by the employees in performing a business task using the current information technology are saved and used to expand the business; the work environment that the employees will have will be favorable and at the same time the company will have the opportunity of outdoing the competitors in the market. This will eventually translate to the company’s profit. The tablet computing project is going to have wide implication on the company and the industry for many reasons: there will be a good f low of information between different departments and different branches. It will entail cloud computing where all the operation done in the business and data storage are based in the internet. The key tool that is used to achieve this is by use of iPads from the leading technologist Apple. The mission state to define the future of mobile media and computing devices with iPad The expected result of this project is approximately 60% decrease in the time taken by the employees to complete a business transaction and also complete elimination of the inconveniences that are brought about by human error. In addition the transport cost that the company incurs annually will be halved. The proposed technology has substantial intellectual merit for a number of reasons: the resources wasted by the employees in performing a business task using the current information technology are saved and used to expand the business; the work environment that the employees will have will be favorable and at t he same time the company will have the opportunity of outdoing the competitors in the market. This will eventually translate to the company’s profit. The tablet computing project is going to have wide implication on the company and the industry for many reasons: there will be a good flow of information between different departments and different branches. It will entail cloud computing where all the operation done in the business and data storage are based in the internet. The outcome of this project will enable the company to digitalize all the business operation and the security of information is enhanced because this technology provides the best information confidentiality, authenticity, accuracy and availability. The idea of any businessman or woman having to return to the office every time they needed to send an email or check the shipping status of inventory is preposterous; however not long ago it was reality. In today’s age given tablet computing, which provide s reliability and accuracy to users; companies can stay on the cusp of an ever-growing competitive edge with Tablets. Another benefit for businesses is iWork, an app that allows companies to create and share documents, presentations and spreadsheets. Mission statement they claim to be â€Å"†¦ defining the future of mobile media and computing devices with iPad. It is this futuristic outlook that separated Apple from competitors and launched them into such endeavors as the iPad. Another benefit is the way in which the client will feel towards the business since they can get the service at the convenience of their home. This will boost the corporate image of the company since it will join the few companies that have embraced advanced information technology. Reference Dietz, J. (2009). Project Summary: Evaluation of new and emerging technologies. U.S. project

Hate Violence Turn it off by Tim Goodman Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hate Violence Turn it off by Tim Goodman - Essay Example Goodman reiterates his thesis statement throughout his essay to make sure that his argument is easy enough to understand and his reasoning simple enough to follow. The social context of this essay is applicable to almost anyone, from young children to concerned adults. While this essay seems to be meant for children, in actual fact Goodman is trying to get through to parents because he knows they are in a position to enforce change in the family home. Goodman used logical arguments that parents would understand, but even more important was the fact that he did not go overboard by criticizing parents too much. The author tried to steer parents away from complaining about violence on television to a local official and instead use the remote to take control back of the television. I feel that Goodman did make a good choice for the intended audience and purpose of this assignment because if he had missed the mark then he may have made people resent his argument. The writer used a clear structure to his essay with three distinct supporting arguments. More importantly, Goodman continually stressed the overall purpose of the essay after every couple of paragraphs so that the reader did not forget what the argument was. Goodman used to tone and language that was necessary for parents of young kids to hear. He tried to get on their side by pointing out that complaining about it won't actually do anything and they should be the ones to make a change rather than telling others to change. Goodman quite rightfully states that some people prefer to watch violence on television, and those people should not have their rights taken away just because someone else doesn't like it. Instead, we all have the choice to watch or not watch so it really comes back to us. Â  

English Application Essays Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

English Application Essays - Essay Example It would be an honor to be taught by such conversant and intellectual set of professors. The campus offers numerous recreation and fitness centers that can become good sources of relaxation after extensive hours of studies. I have always been an active member in extra-curricular activities and clubs; I aspire to continue such activities and shall contribute my role in the progression of the clubs. I believe that one can expect better results from something that is achieved as an outcome of group efforts and team work. The accumulation of different forms of opinions and ideas induces a touch of innovativeness and uniqueness in every endeavor. It is due to this belief that I am contented with the idea of my friends going in the same program. I am excited to study with these individuals and new classmates since they might even become my colleagues in the workplaces in the future. I think that our team work and research can contribute towards the development of the chosen domain of knowl edge and play our part in earning a name for the esteemed University of Ohio. My friends define me as a people’s person who loves meeting new people. The concept of getting familiar with different customs, traditions and culture of the world excites me. It is due to the passion for cultural diversity that I have chosen Ohio University. Ohio University celebrates cultural diversity rather than promoting exclusion. I admire such ideologies and feel that I shall be able to progress more in an environment that is run by such like-minded people. Therefore, I hope you will allow me to pursue my education in the desired business school- Fisher College. Essay 2 I bear great passion for travelling and meeting new people. The nature of my family business has granted me the opportunity to visit numerous countries of the world, thereby giving me the chance of experiencing various forms of cultures and traditions on firsthand basis. Such experiences have made me realize the value of inclu sion of perspectives from all sorts of cultures and origins. I believe that tolerance and acceptance of other people’s ideas induces an element of innovation in one’s work. Tim Berners Lee, the man who invented the World Wide Web, stated that â€Å"we need diversity of thought in the world to face the new challenges†. I aim to promote inclusion and tolerance for other cultures in my endeavors to play my role in safeguarding the traditions of multiculturalism of University of Colorado. Team work and mutual support bear great importance in an academic life since it bears numerous challenging instances and stressful routines. Acceptance of cultural diversity removes barriers among individuals and promotes the spirit of team work and mutual cooperation. I aspire to become a team player who will seek to work together with others to increase his domain of knowledge, as well as to play his part in earning a commendable name for the University of Colorado. Individuals w ho value team work spirit tend to benefit in their professional lives as well; therefore, I believe that my culturally rich experience at University of Colorado will prove to be advantageous for my professional life. Competition is also an integral part of any academic life; healthy competition can prove to be a valuable lesson since it prepares one for the professional life ahead. Exposure to multicultural lifestyles from my childhood

Arthur Miller presents Eddie Carbone as a tragic hero Essay Example for Free

Arthur Miller presents Eddie Carbone as a tragic hero Essay The next major event in this scene is where Rodolfo and Catherine have been dancing to Paper doll The words Paper doll could represent Catherine, as Eddie is implying that Rodolfo only wants Catherine for his papers; his passport to the country. During this scene Eddies anger has been rising and he then makes an attempt to dishonour Rodolfo by making him look foolish and unmanly, I mean like me . . . would be like in a dress store. During this point Catherine and Rodolfo have stopped dancing and turned off the phonograph, showing that Rodolfo has taken notice of this remark and his pent up anger is shown when he unconsciously tears the newspaper in half. Eddies jealousy and anger has been rising throughout this scene and in another attempt to make Rodolfo look unmanly and foolish Eddie asks him for a sparring match. Eddie hurts Rodolfo by punching him, He feints with his left . . . staggers Rodolfo. Marco rises He does this to illustrate his power over him and show to Catherine that he is weak and also to warn him this kind of behaviour is shown in animals where males fight each other for the right to mate. Marco has realised what is going on so he rises to have his presence felt by Eddie and to show him that he will back Rodolfo up. During this scene Miller has been building up tension through Eddies controversial joke to the sparring match as what seems to be comradeship and jokes, is really a way to get back at the two brothers. At the end of this scene Marco and Eddie have a challenge to see who can lift a chair from one leg to above their heads. Eddie tries and tries but to no success the chair just, leans over to the floor. When Marco attempts this he raises the chair as if like a weapon over Eddies head this action is symbolic of Eddies fate as he dies because of Marco in the end. It is a gesture that foreshadows the future events yet to occur after this incident. This challenge of strength was also a more blatant warning to Eddie by Marco to show that he could out power and even defeat him in a fight, we know this because of the stage directions, . . glare of warning into a smile of triumph These show Marcos facial expressions. He is smiling because he knows Eddie is no match for him, Eddie also knows this as his, grin vanishes ending the scene and act with a dramatic climax. Eddie cannot defeat Rodolfo and Marco by being more of a man so he is left with one option, betrayal, which brings on his downfall. The next time Eddie encounters Alfieri is his final meeting with him. Eddie comes to him desperate to do something about Rodolfo and Marco as he is immersed by his jealousy after seeing Catherine come out of the same bedroom as Rodolfo in the previous scene. In this scene Alfieri again describes Eddies eyes as tunnels this repeated use of the word tunnels suggests that his fate is inevitable as a tunnel has only one way out and so does Eddies fate. In fact in this paragraph there are numerous phrases and words that suggest the downfall of Eddie is inevitable such as, On December twenty-seventh I saw him next. I normally . . . sat around looking out my window at the bay It seems unusual for Alfieri to break from his routine by staying in his office as he is a busy man and staying just looking out the window is an illogical way to spend time, suggesting to me it was fate that made him stay in his office that day. Also the word transfixed shows the downfall of Eddie, the meaning of the word transfixed is to be fixed to the spot through fear. Alfieri is scared as he knows what is going to happen next and he is powerless to stop it from happening repeating this idea of inevitability. Eddie uses the same excuses that Rodolfo is homosexual and that he is using Catherine as a way to stay in America. Alfieri tells him as he told him before, you cannot stop it but Eddies desperation drives him on. Alfieri warns him, the law is only . . . drown you if you buck it now Alfieri is trying to warn him about the implications that would arise if he was to go against the marriage of Catherine and Rodolfo when he says law he is also talking about the marriage however his warnings are futile as he starts turning around and goes to the phone booth. Eddie knows now that there is nothing more he can do than to call the immigration bureau, his hastiness and desperation impairing his morals, making him go against the things he stands for. In the last scenes we see that Eddie has lost everything, as all of the community turn their backs on Eddie, Lipari, the butcher, turns and starts up left. He has informed the immigration about Marco and Rodolfo which is considered to be the most dishonourable thing a Sicilian man could do and so they have lost all respect they had for him. Eddie still maintains his innocence as he never gave up fighting for his niece till he died and he stuck to his ways. Eddie is a tragic hero as he died because of his fatal flaw; his over possessive love of his niece Catherine. We see that he realises his mistake at the end as his last words are, My B.! this suggests that Eddie has now understood that his loyalties should have stayed with Beatrice his wife. It is Alfieri that recognises that the death of Eddie should persuade you to think that, it is better to settle for half. Alfieri also says that even though he knew that what Eddie did was bad there was still something in him that made him good, something perversely pure calls to me from his memory This conveys that Alfieri still thinks that Eddie is the good guy at the end of the play, as what he did was out of love a passion for his family, even though inevitably this would lead to his downfall and this was the reason why he died the way he did. At the end of the play we agree with Alfieri as the audience considers Eddie to have been hero in his own way.

The Moral Difference between Animals and Humans Essay -- Morals Ethics

The Moral Difference between Animals and Humans A moral issue is generally considered to be one which arises from the need to take another person's interests into consideration. However, by saying another person's interests this seems to rule out the interests of animals from the moral debate. Although many people do value animals, there are still others who consider animals as no more than a source of food. It could be argued that our primary moral obligations towards those people who value animals includes secondary obligations towards the animals they value. The problem then is that we have no secondary obligations towards those animals which are not valued by people. Consequently those animals would have no moral rights. Despite that argument we still feel that it is morally wrong to inflict certain actions, such as torture, on animals. We should, therefore, consider the possibility that animals do have moral rights. If we change the initial statement to read 'a moral issue is one which arises from the need to take another liv ing being's interests into consideration' we can then consider what gives a living being moral rights, and what moral difference there is between animals and humans. The interests of others may range from simple hobbies to caring for the sick. Obviously these interests have differing levels of moral importance. Although there are a number of moral principles that we could use as examples, let us consider two which are most relevant to animals and humans. They are, the right to individual freedom, and the right not to suffer harm from another. Humans expect these rights from each other, but do not necessarily grant them to animals. What is it then that gives humans these rights but not animals? Lan... ...a danger. But the animal's actions do not immediately change from watching to attacking. Instead, the bear moves from a state of watching to one of preparing for attack and displays this change in the form of prowling. During that process the bear is making a judgment which is displayed by either attacking or not attacking depending on whether or not I pose a danger. By not attacking, the bear is displaying consideration for an other which is a basic form of moral judgment. It could, therefore, be argued that to the extent that certain animals display similar behaviour they then deserve moral consideration from us. Bibliography Dennett, Daniel C. Brainchildren (Penguin, 1998) Essay 24 Klempner, G. Reason, Values and Conduct Unit 13 Raphael, D.D. Moral Philosophy (2nd edn OUP 1994) Sprigge, T.L.S. The Rational Foundation of Ethics (Routledge 1990)

Burning Up

ALWAYS, SOMETIMES, OR NEVER Chapter 9 Tell whether each statement is always, sometimes, or never true. 1. The graph of a quadratic function is a straight line. 2. The range of a quadratic function is the set of all real numbers. 3. The highest power in a quadratic function is 2. 4. The graph of a quadratic function contains the point (0, 0). 5. The vertex of a parabola occurs at the minimum value of the function. 6. The graph of a quadratic function that has a minimum opens upward. 7. The graphs of f(x) = ax2 and gx= -ax2 have the same width. 8. The function fx= ax2+c has three zeros. 9.The graph of y= ax2+1 has its vertex at the origin. 10. The graph of y = -x2+c intersects the x-axis. 11. There are two solutions to x2=n when n is positive. 12. If n is a rational number, then the solution to x2=n are rational numbers. 13. If the graph of a quadratic function has its vertex at the origin, then the related quadratic equation has exactly one solution. 14. If the graph of a quadratic fu nction opens upward, then the related quadratic equation has two solutions. 15. If the graph of a quadratic function has its vertex on the x-axis, then the related quadratic equation has exactly one solution. 6. If the graph of a quadratic function has its vertex in the first quadrant, then the related quadratic equation has two solutions. 17. A quadratic equation in the form ax2 – c = 0, where a 0 has two solutions. 18. If a quadratic equation has two solutions, then it has two x-intercepts. 19. If the discriminant is equal to zero the quadratic equation has no real solutions. 20. If the leading coefficient of a quadratic equation is positive and the graph of the equation has a positive y-intercept, the graph has two real solutions.

Technology Life Cycle

All new technologies goes through a technology adoption life cycle in which certain market groups adopt the product before others are willing to do so. Here is each of the market groups: Innovators, early adopters, early majority, late majority, and laggards. Innovators in a general sense, is a person or an organization who is one of the first to introduce into reality something better than before. That often opens up a new area for others and achieves an innovation. They pursue new technology aggressively, learning about and evaluating new products in an effort to be first.They’re also relatively few in numbers—so for marketers, they represent a major key to the marketing campaign. Next down the list, early adopters are visionaries, not technologists. They are found at ease when imagining, understanding, and appreciating the advantage of new technology. When it comes to high-tech products, they’re looking for vital breakthroughs, not minor improvements. They rel y on their own intuition and vision to make their buying decisions, which make them the key to opening up a high-tech market group.Following, early majority customers are centered on the linking of practice and theory. The early majority know many of the upcoming inventions are just passing fads. They let the early adopters test the new technologies and post their experience with it to establish solid references. Approximately one-third of the adoption life cycle is early majority that is why this market group is the key to substantial profits and growth. Next, late majority adopters are conservative. They’re content to be followers, and often are not comfortable in their ability to handle new technology.They tend to wait until something has become standardized and seen a lot of support. Like the Early majority the late majority comprise about one-third of the entire buying population. This makes for high profitability, while its profits decrease as the produce matures, so do the selling costs, and virtually all the R&D costs have been amortized. Last of the cycle is laggards, this group are considered skeptics. They are very late adopters and in some cases they never adopt. If they do end up buying a new technology they tend to overlook it because it is a bi-product of another product.Realize that you’re not going to sell to this audience until very very late in your product life cycle, most likely when your product has become well accepted. In summary of the technology adoption life cycle, this cycle shows that technology is accepted in the community in stages which relates to the mental and collective understanding of the five groups that make up the community. The high-tech marketing model is a strategy that uses the technology adoption life cycle as the source to examine ways to market a product.It works by starting with the innovators by building a reputation and then moves to the next group, the early adopters, in hopes of the innovators c ompelling the early adopters to get on the â€Å"bandwagon†. The process continues all the way to laggards. The key to keep this process moving smoothly is to maintain a momentum, which makes it more natural for the next group to buy into the product. Another key is to keep up with the current technology by taking in the phrase â€Å"window of opportunity. † Competitors can easily overtake your market if the momentum is lost.The high-tech marketing model is a smooth transition that goes through stages of the technology adoption life cycle. If you can get there first, and establish a standard through the beginning of the cycle you gain a monopoly over the market in which you could gain high profits throughout the cycle and establish a sustained product. A good example of the previous concepts being used is the Lotus 1-2-3, which was the first spread sheet for IBM PC. The Innovators first started using lotus 1-2-3, stating that it was â€Å"slick† and â€Å"fastà ¢â‚¬ .Subsequently, the early adopters started using it because the new things they can do with it, such as the â€Å"what if† analysis. Next on the bandwagon, the early majority, they started using it because of its uses with common business operations. As it started to become standardized the late majority eventually fell into line. By the end of the 1980s it was pretty much the only standard program used for spreadsheets. There are several cracks in the technology adoption life cycle, from the innovators to the early adopters, from the early adopters to the early majority.But the latter happens to be the most challenging and an unrecognizable division chasm. The transition goes unnoticed because that in both groups the customer list and the size of the order can look relatively the same. The products that the early adopters buy, is some kind of change agent. Being the first in the industry gives a head start on the competition. When we move on to early majority they want to buy a productivity improvement for their current operations. Ultimately, they want evolution. This eventually leads to a catch-22.In a catch-22 situation the early adopters have already caught on and it has been publicized. In the end the product seems to never get past the early adopter group. When the promoters of high-tech products try to move on from their early adopters group, they leave the early majority without a reference and support. This chasm has made many marketers fail in the past. The early market is what the staff members interpret as sales of increasingly smooth curve, but in reality it is an initial blip and not an emerging mainstream market unfolding.Companies can fail when their managers don’t notice the transition from early adopters to early majority. This leads to high expectations and too much time spent on expansion rather than husbanding resources. This result in an illusion of high-tech marketing, which is the belief induced by the high-tech mark eting model that new markets unfold in a continuous and smooth way. While trying to avoid perils of the chasm, a new state needs to be established to examine and correct the flaws that are associated with the technology adoption life cycle. In turn, this provides a secure basis for marketing development with minimum problems.