Friday, December 27, 2019

The Cultural Perspective On Children s Learning Essay

The first idea which interested me came from Chapter one. The socio- cultural perspective. This perspective explains, how children’s learning is influenced by family and culture in which children are living. A pioneer of the sociocultural approach was psychologist Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934). L. Vygotsky believed that children’s learning and development is strongly influenced by child’s culture and how children develop and learn can be different from culture to culture. He proposed that children, in order to learn, need to be supported by other people. For example, teachers and peers, who already gained particular knowledge. The second theorist of socio-cultural approach was B. Rogoff (1950). Same as L. Vygotsky, she believed, that children learn best through interaction with other people and through experiencing things by themselves. B. Rogoff stresses, that children are learning as an individual, by exploring and observing they surroundings; and they can influence other children’s learning (Starting with the child,2016). Moreover, she views children as actively participates in a learning process. I have found the socio-cultural perspective interesting, as it helps me to understand, what shapes children behaviour and what makes them as individuals. Lots of children came from different backgrounds and every one of them have been modelled by culture and society. I am supporting socio-cultural approach in my work. This means that I am providing lots of practical activitiesShow MoreRelatedSocio-cultural Assessment1369 Words   |  5 PagesSocio-cultural assessment is realising and understanding the way a child responds to challenges and change. Their responses and perceptions are based on the world in which they live. Their understanding of the world comes from the values and beliefs of the adults, community, socio-economic status, education and culture that surround them. (Mooney, 2000). When making an assessment on an individual child it is necessary to consider the background and culture in which they exist. Berger (2005), statesRead MoreMulticultural Approach Essay904 Words   |  4 PagesMulticultural Approach Doris McMillan ECE 405: Children Families in a Diverse Society August 29, 2010 Definitions of multicultural education vary. Some place emphasizes on the cultural characteristics of diverse groups, some emphasize social problems such as those associated with oppression, some place emphasize on political power, while others on the reallocation of economic resources. Some restrict their focus to people of color, while others include all major groups that are differentRead MoreThe Cultural Nature Of Human Development1257 Words   |  6 Pagesdetermining when one should expect children to be capable of certain skills. Every day, our communities develop as generations of individuals make choices and invent solutions to changing circumstances. Our ongoing daily activities, ranging from learning when to brush our teeth, to learning the numbers on a telephone. Barbara Rogoff’s The Cultural Nature of Human Development discusses cultural patterns as they relate to human development. Human development is a cultural process by which devices such asRead MoreThe Strengths and Weaknesses of the Sociocultural Perspective986 Words   |  4 Pagessome of the other sciences. Over the years, social scientists have developed theories or perspectives based off of their observations, research, and the perspectives of other scientists. Although there is some overlap, each of the major perspectives of psychology is unique. As a result, they each have strengths and weaknesses and explain psychology in a different way. One theory, the sociocultural perspective, is exactly what its name suggests. It’s the idea that the society and groups that anRead MoreThe Functionalist Perspective And The Conflict Perspective1349 Words   |  6 PagesAs with disease, discrimination is a major killer of a unified nation. This paper will express two theories cultural deprivation, connected to the ideals of the functionalist perspective and cultural bias, which is associated with the conflict perspective. I will also express how the epidemic of racism with in a minority community allows lawmakers to undermine the abilities of these communities, therefore, limiting resources to public schools subsequently assisting in institutional racism on a systemicRead MoreEssay on Multicultural Education1681 Words   |  7 Pagessystem is to provide all children with equal educational opportunity. However, with regard to minority students, meeting this particular objective has presented a real challenge to educators as they have been confronted with the task of reshaping education in the multilingual, multicultural society that characterizes the United States. Many significant events contributed to the need of school reform. The Civil Rights movement launched by African Americans in the 1960’s, which resulted in theRead MorePiaget and Vygotsky1272 Words   |  6 Pagesinterpreted as the gradual orderly development of thinking, understanding and reasoning processes from birth to maturity. The aim of primary school is to build the knowledge and the skills children need to have for further cognitive development. Therefore, the constant development of coginition is very important to young children, because it gives them the basic understanding towards themselves and the world. As a result, in order to assist and support children’s early cognitive development, teachers applyRead MoreThe Cultural Point Of View942 Words   |  4 PagesPsychologists use a wide range of ways to deal with, comprehend and clarify human behavior. The social/cultural point of view otherwise called sociocultural, is one method used to grasp why peop le act the way they do. This method looks to comprehend human behavior and identity improvement by inspecting the standards of the social gatherings and subgroups in which the individual is a part of. (Nevid, 2003) These principles are regularly unwritten rules that assist to direct a person’s activities.Read MoreOutline the main similarities and differences between Piaget‚Äà ´s and Vygotsky‚Äà ´s explanations for cognitive development in children1702 Words   |  7 Pagesdevelopment in children. Piaget and Vygotsky were both, looking into the same period of cognitive development in infants and children and sharing the same basic concerns. Piaget (1896-1980) developing his theory slightly earlier than Vygotsky (1896-1934) who worked to show that there were certain flaws in Piaget s theory of genetic epistemology. Vogotsky and his social-cultural theory of cognitive development might be seen as the Soviet counterpart to Piaget s western individualist perspective. PiagetRead MoreSecond Language Learning And Teaching Essay1249 Words   |  5 PagesSecond Language Learning and Teaching Part 1: Summaries of THREE texts Having read ‘Languages in Aotearoa New Zealand’, published on March 2013, by Royal Society of New Zealand, I was able to comprehend how important language diversity both individually and socially within New Zealand’s community. Language diversity is a major factor in life, which is often overlooked and often underappreciated in New Zealand. Even though, New Zealander’s have a range of cultures and religions, as a country, we

Thursday, December 19, 2019

Dangers Of Counterfeit Pharmaceutical Drugs - 1475 Words

Dangers of Counterfeit Pharmaceutical Drugs Remember that time, you really wanted to buy a Louis Vuitton bag? Then the thought of spending thousands on it held you back? So instead you bought a knock off, and saved yourself a boat load of money. No harm done, right? However, what if it wasn’t just a purse that you bought as a counterfeit? What if it was a knockoff Tylenol or birth control? Do you think it would be harmful, then? This happens all the time, and the production and sales of counterfeit drugs are more common than you think. This essay will explain why the production and sale of counterfeit pharmaceutical drugs are wrong. When someone creates something, that is solely from their mind, whether it be literature, a play, a piece of artwork, it is Intellectual Property. Intellectual Property is important because it allows the economy to grow, as well as captures the devotion of its inventors and creators, by becoming financially beneficial. Intellectual property helps promote development and aims for a more economic growth in overall well-being. In direct relation to pharmaceutical drugs, the creation of the drugs are never ending, and also supplies a huge source of financial growth for all of the developing companies. In fact, â€Å"The combined profits for the ten drug companies in the Fortune 500 ($35.9 billion) were more than the profits for all the other 490 businesses put together ($33.7 billion) [in 2002] †¦Ã¢â‚¬  (The Truth about DrugShow MoreRelatedDangers Of Counterfeit Pharmaceutical Drugs1595 Words   |  7 PagesDangers of Counterfeit Pharmaceutical Drugs Remember that time you really wanted to buy a Louis Viton bag? Then the thought of spending thousands on it held you back? So instead you bought a knock off, and saved yourself a boat load of money. No harm done right? Well not exactly, of course your wearing your new bag out with your friends didn’t make a difference verse the real one. You felt a little spoiled and your friends loved it too. However, what if it wasn’t just a purse that you bought asRead MoreCyber Crimes And The Cyber Crime Epidemic1511 Words   |  7 PagesThe rise of the cyber-crime epidemic is a danger that can affect even the wariest of internet users. There is an abundance of ways that hackers and the hidden dangers of the internet can pose threats to internet users. Cyber scams, the deep and dark web, and counterfeiting are just some of the cyber-crimes that exist in our day-to-day world. The effects of cyber-crimes can range from computer viruses, to monetary loss, and even identity theft. Abo ve all, cyber-crimes can include internet users beingRead MorePrescription Health Care Essay1253 Words   |  6 PagesThe cost of prescription drugs in America has risen to the level that most Americans could not afford them with out the help of an insurance plan. The greedy and capitalistic pharmaceutical companies rely on the United States to fund the future development of drugs with skyrocketing prices and enormous margins. Recently the issue has extended into the mainstream political arena, thanks in part to the new Medicare bill(2). With the push by congress for the importation of drugs from foreign sources,Read MoreCounterfeit Drugs : Safe And Effective Medicine2149 Words   |  9 PagesCounterfeit Drugs in West Africa Safe and effective medicine is an essential element to healthcare. Counterfeit drugs, which may not be safe or efficacious, have become a growing problem around the globe and are compromising treatment of disease and patient health. A counterfeit drug is essentially fake medicine. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines a counterfeit drug to be a product which has been deliberately or fraudulently mislabeled in regards to its identity and source. A counterfeitRead MoreSupport Drug Regulation Acts932 Words   |  4 PagesS.959—Pharmaceutical Compounding Quality, Security and Accountability Act, was introduced into the U.S Senate May 15, 2013 by Thomas Harkin, Democratic senator of Iowa, along with the support of five cosponsors. The bill, if it’d passed would have amended the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA) to expand the regulation of compounded drugs. It would have allowed the Federal Government to oversee drug compounders’ operations to ensure drug quality and safety. Most recently, the bill was referredRead MoreCosmetic Surgery And Its Effects On Society1462 Words   |  6 Pagessurgery performed around the world today. Botox causes a reversible paralysis, which helps stop muscle spasms. Back in to 1970’s Botox was a common drug, that was made as a lotion, and would be rubbed on in the irritated area. To help relax and soothe the muscle, but today it is used for reasons that could be uncalled for, which puts that person in danger. Ken Coleman declared,â€Å"Today botox is used to smooth frown lines, or relax muscles.† (par. 1). Also botulism paralyzed facial muscles, which canRead MoreAn Apprasal of the Activities of Nafdac in Nigeria Economy2395 Words   |  10 Pagesrole of NAFDAC becomes important. The National Agency for Food and Drugs and Control (NAFDAC) was established as a parastatal of the Federal Ministry of Health by Decree No. 15 of 1993 as amended by Decree No. 19 of 1999. It is a regulatory body mandated to promote and protect the health and well being of Nigerians through the regulation and control of the importation, exportation, manufacture, sale, use and advertisement of food, drugs, cosmetics, medical devices, packaged water, chemical and detergentsRead More Steroid Use in Major League Baseball Essay example1596 Words   |  7 Pagesmedals away from athletes on steroids, but were supposed to look the other way in MLB because a guy can make the ball go further? Drug testing is commonplace everywhere, and used in other sports, as the article mentioned. Baseball should be no different. Matt Bookman of San Jose, California writes Thats it. Im done as a baseball fan until MLB has a comprehensive drug testing policy. I feel so naive. I really thought that the players had gotten bigger and stronger because they had learned the valueRead MoreUnderground Economy4900 Words   |  20 Pageseconomic activity which is not measured by government statistics. This can include a range of different economic activities not measurable by the government, such as: smuggling alcohol, tobacco and fuel,weaponry prostitution, copyrighted media,illegal drugs. It includes: ââ€" ª Selling goods illegally e.g. criminal goods; ââ€" ª Selling goods and services and not declaring income earnt; ââ€" ª Self sufficiency (If a farmer grows his own food, he will not appear to have any income, his sustenance comesRead MorePG India Supply Chain Analysis11039 Words   |  45 Pagesto reduced CO2 emission and better energy savings. Control Tower is now being expanded into Europe and Africa. Distribution Pamp;Gs products are sold in more than 180 countries through mass merchandisers, grocery stores, membership club stores, drug stores, high-frequency stores, neighborhood stores and are expanding in department stores, perfumers, pharmacies, salons and e-commerce. Inventory Management Pamp;G is using Intelligent Daily Forecasting, a solution developed by Terra Technology

Wednesday, December 11, 2019

Intercultural Communication in Business for History-myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theIntercultural Communication in Business for History. Answer: The word Inter-cultural communication is defined as a positioned process of communication between individuals and communities of varied linguistic as well as cultural origins (Moran, Abramson and Moran 2014). In todays global business arena plays a vital role for successful product or service establishment in a different region of the globe. The significance of cross-cultural interaction is immense to establish any business as ineffective communication might result in misunderstandings and thus lead to broken relations with investors or clients(Chaney and Martin 2013). Such a case can be related to two popular cultures- Chinese and Australian business styles. The paper will evaluate a situation of an Australian entrepreneur who owns The Aroma Shop and a small factory situated in WaggaWagga.It will further focus on the cross-cultural business interaction of Mary, the entrepreneur with a renowned storemanager in China,Mr. Lau. It will further highlight the Chinese businessetiquettes, a nd examine areas of potential inter cultural communication with the use of Hofstede model of culture and providing suitable recommendations to address any issues related to it. The Chinese monarchy is considered as the most conventional dominion of the world that dates back to 841 BC(So and Walker 2013). It consists of excessive rigid traditions and rituals that justifies the Chinese society. In the same manner, the Chinese business culture isvery reserved and formal.There is an immense reliance on establishing and maintaining courteous associations in China, thus, greeting with proper usage of Chinese words at appropriate circumstances is considered as a key factor in the business communication process(Quanyu, Tong and Leonard 2013). The Chinese professionals appreciate in exchanging business cards using both hands that are printed in both English and Chinese during any business meetings. They believe in the importance of groups rather than individuals. They at the same time are intensely conservative when it comes to business attire(Mazanecet al.2015). Chinese professionals are highly appreciative to people who show respect to their cultures and etiquette s as it plays a central role while ascertaining any business alliance (Sugimoto 2014). Businesspersons in China take active participation in decision-making procedure. They believe in the involvement of each member of all hierarchy of an organization. Thus, this process of active participation of members leads to easy implementations(Lee, Trimi and Kim 2013). Chinese professionals believe in unhurried way of action duringnegotiation process and encourages uncovered proceedings that involved fundamental principles of mutual and shared interests. They follow a zero defect policy whereby there should be zero percent flawlessness and breaching to the assigned task is regarded as failure for the businessperson as the nation is sole leader oriented culture and appreciate similar approach from foreigners(Fiske, Hodge and Turner 2016). Even during initial business meetings, Chinese get gifts depending on the size of the company and type of business negotiation but strictly condemns expensiv e gifts as that might result in establishing a bribing potentiality within the business. Another vital factor of their business culture is the time arrival, which they firmly adhere to, and expects the same from their foreign guests(Lee, Trimi and Kim 2013). Several theorists study cultural dimensions and theories to study various aspects to guide the behavior of different cultures. One such researcher is Geer Hofstede, who is considered as an important researcher in cross-cultural studies. The significance of Hofstedes theory lies on two areas. Firstly, Hofstedes study diverts from verbal and non-verbal communication, which is associated to external expressions of the Tree Model, and thus it is more convenient to alter(Ching-Hwang 2013). The second area focuses on the outline of values, intense associations and moral guidance that causes difficulty in changing. Secondly, Hofstede has conducted a systematic research on these values and a cent point scale of measurement has been conducted. He has provided with six dimensions to have an explicit idea of the cultural dimensions of several countries. The dimensions are power distance, uncertainty avoidance, and individualism versus collectivism, masculinity versus femininity, long term versu s short-term orientation and indulgence versus restraint (Venaik and Brewer 2013. The first dimension is calledpower distance that is referred as the extent to which less influential members of the society recognize and expect that power be distributed unequally. In vast power distance cultures, each member deserves the correct position in social hierarchy (Hsu, Woodside and Marshall 2013). The notion of rightful place is important for understanding the culture globalbrands. Power and inequality are excessively fundamental aspects of any given society. According to Hofstede, every society is unequal but few societies are disparate than others are. The second dimension is related to uncertainty avoidance is not that much related to risk avoidance. It generally deals with the tolerance level of the society for ambiguity. This indicates the way culture programs make their members feel in various unstructured situations(Moran, Abramson and Moran 2014). Amorphous scenarios are novel, unidentified, surprising and different from the ordinary. Cultures dealing with unsure situations try to decrease the prospects of such circumstances through stern behavioral codes and conducts. According to few researches, uncertainty accepting cultures are prone to tolerance of view different their usage(Lee, Trimi and Kim 2013). People belonging to these cultures are more phlegmatic and introspective and not allowed by their environment to express emotions. The third dimension mentions about the individualism and collectivism in the social perspective. Individualism differs from collectivism as the latter deals with societal perspectives and not an individual characteristic(Fiske, Hodge and Turner 2016). Individualism is referred to the degree to which members of the society are free and are considered to look after individual families. On the other side, collectivism is considered to discover cultures where people from the time of birth are more integrated into strong, interrelated groups, which are often stretched to families that believe in securing themselves from unquestioning loyalty, exchange (Frijnset al. 2013). The concept of individualism prevails in developed western regions whereas collectivism exists in less developed eastern countries while China occupies a position in the middle on this dimension. The fourth dimension is referred to masculinity in opposition to femininity. This dimension has a general characteristic rather than individualism. It refers to the allocation of values between genders that is another primary issue for the society (Moran, Abramson and Moran 2014). The space between the values of men and women is largest in China and Australia. In both these regions, men score higher for exhibiting masculine values and attitudes whereas women gain relatively highly for masculine values. The fifth dimension identified by Hofstede is long term and short-term orientation which deals with the concept of the relation of a society with its past in order to cope up with current and potential risks of the society (Mazanec et al. 2015). The sixth and new aspect that Hofstede has mentioned is the polarity between indulgence and restraint. Indulgence refers to the society that permits relatively free gratification of natural human desires. According to Hofstedes power distance, the power distance in Australia is considered relatively low and specifies to greater range of equality between societal levels such as government and social organizations (Lee, Trimi and Kim 2013). On the other hand, Chinese power distance has high rate of power distance that results in members of an organization to possess greater power and authority than the others. They generalize the notion of status and power with a section of the society considered as superior because of their social status, gender and race than the others who have not advantageous enough to receive such ascribed status (Smith et al. 2013). A high level of individualismis also noticed in the Australian culture whereas China shows a high level of collectivism and group orientation in their culture. The latter emphasizes a very strong group harmony and interdependence(Fiske, Hodge and Turner 2016). Hofstedes dimensions on cultural difference also focus on the masculinity an d femininity dimension on the role dissemination between genders. The masculinity dimension is higher in China than Australia, as Australia reflects cultural assertiveness, material success, confidence and individual accomplishments (Fiske, Hodge and Turner 2016). Australia is regarded as a universalistic culture where agreements and contracts are based on the terms of business and laws are applied to every citizen of the country whereas China reflects something dissimilar from the former. A set of recommendationsmust be provided for an effective business meeting between Mary and Mr. Lau. Mary, belonging from a Western country must honor the value of time as Chinese have an excessive ability of punctuality. Chinese believe in silence at a business setting and consider it as a key to wisdom and self-control. Thus, Mary shall not indulge in speaking excess and giving excess of information as this might hinder the meeting. Furthermore, Mary must consider the masculinity aspect of the Chinese. Thus, Mary, in order to conduct a smooth conversation with Mr. Lau must keep in mind the varying ideologies of men in China and her own country. Lastly, she needs to honor Chinese culture and avoid any miscommunication related to the cultural disparity between the two countries. Therefore, from the above discussion it can be analyzed that a wide gap lies between the cultural dimensions of Australia and China. This essay has evaluated the cultural traditions and business etiquettes that Chinese business professionals follow to establish successful and effective businesses. It also focused on the cultural framework through Hofstedes cultural framework to understand various cultural aspects. Lastly, this paper explored cultural discrepancies of China and Australia and further provided recommendations that will be beneficial for the Australian businessperson Mary to conduct an effective business conversation with Mr. Lau for her business expansion in China. References Chaney, L. and Martin, J., 2013.Intercultural business communication. Pearson Higher Ed. Ching-Hwang, Y., 2013.Ethnic Chinese business in Asia: History, culture and business enterprise. World Scientific. Fiske, J., Hodge, B. and Turner, G., 2016.Myths of Oz: reading Australian popular culture. Routledge. Frijns, B., Gilbert, A., Lehnert, T. and Tourani-Rad, A., 2013. Uncertainty avoidance, risk tolerance and corporate takeover decisions.Journal of Banking Finance,37(7), pp.2457-2471. Hsu, S.Y., Woodside, A.G. and Marshall, R., 2013. Critical tests of multiple theories of cultures consequences: Comparing the usefulness of models by Hofstede, Inglehart and Baker, Schwartz, Steenkamp, as well as GDP and distance for explaining overseas tourism behavior.Journal of Travel Research,52(6), pp.679-704. Lee, S.G., Trimi, S. and Kim, C., 2013. The impact of cultural differences on technology adoption.Journal of World Business,48(1), pp.20-29. Mazanec, J.A., Crotts, J.C., Gursoy, D. and Lu, L., 2015. Homogeneity versus heterogeneity of cultural values: An item-response theoretical approach applying Hofstede's cultural dimensions in a single nation.Tourism Management,48, pp.299-304. Moran, R.T., Abramson, N.R. and Moran, S.V., 2014.Managing cultural differences. Routledge. Quanyu, H., Tong, C. and Leonard, J.W., 2013.Business decision making in China. Routledge. Smith, P.B., Fischer, R., Vignoles, V.L. and Bond, M.H., 2013.Understanding social psychology across cultures: Engaging with others in a changing world. Sage. So, Y.L. and Walker, A., 2013.Explaining guanxi: The Chinese business network. Routledge. Venaik, S. and Brewer, P., 2013. Critical issues in the Hofstede and GLOBE national culture models.International Marketing Review,30(5), pp.469-482.

Tuesday, December 3, 2019

Why Organized Sports Are Benificial Essays -

Why Organized Sports Are Benificial 25 million American children can not be wrong. Even though at least 20 million of these kids will suffer injury by the age of 15, only 10% of the injuries are serious enough to require more than one visit to the doctor. I have been playing baseball as well as other organized sports for almost 15 years; and in my opinion, sports develop friendship and self-esteem. I believe that coaches should take a how-to class on what a coach should and should not do. Injuries occur for three main reasons. First, because parents push their children past their natural ability level, thus it causes injury to the over worked body parts. Second, an accident occurs such as a turned ankle or a ball taking a bad bounce and hitting a player. The third, and most common reason, a coach teaches a player the wrong way to perform specific task. For example, when I was 12 years old, my baseball coach taught me the wrong way to throw a curve ball. After repeatedly throwing the wrong way, I tore a ligament in my right elbow. If my coach at that time, would have taken some kind of class, he would have known the proper way to teach the technique. Nevertheless, I feel that sports should greatly benefit a child's self-esteem. Competition also builds self-esteem because children grow both emotionally and physically and sports help to develop a positive view of both themselves and their athletic skills. As long as children feel that they are beneficial to the team, they are developing self-esteem because they see their personal role in the team as important to the whole cause. If a child is not athletically gifted, he can always take up a more non-competitive sport such as jogging or weight-training. This will also build self-esteem because the child can see his improvement and relate to others at the same time (Michelli and Jenkins). As well as building self-esteem, sports can help develop life-long friendships. Children form all different ethnic and religious backgrounds come together to play a game. This makes a good place for children to mingle with others of the same age. This can in turn give each child a sense of belonging and camaraderie between different races. Athletics also allow children to learn about their abilities as compared to other children of the same age. Children learn about talent that otherwise may have gone unnoticed. If I had not been involved in sports from an early age, I may have never discovered the talent that I have in baseball. I loved playing baseball from the first day I stepped on the field. I feel that most every child has a good time being around children of their own age. If not for the fun of playing the game, then for the fun of being around children that are different from them. In conclusion, children have fun while building self-esteem and making new friendships. I believe that the advantages outweigh the disadvantages by far. That is why I believe we should let kids have fun, and learn about themselves while doing it. Religion